Начиная с Python 3.0, при возникновении нового исключения внутри блока except перехваченное исключение автоматически сохраняется в атрибуте __context__ создаваемого исключения. В результате при выводе будут показаны оба исключения:
(most recent call last): File "test.py", line 2, in <module> 1 / 0 ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last): File "test.py", line 4, in <module> raise ValueError('Zero!') ValueError: Zero!
Кроме того, вы можете явно указать причинное исключение, использовав конструкцию raise … from. Тогда в атрибут __cause__ нового исключения будет помещено исходное:
division_error = None
try: 1 / 0 except ZeroDivisionError as e: division_error = e
raise ValueError('Zero!') from division_error
(most recent call last): File "test.py", line 4, in <module> 1 / 0 ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last): File "test.py", line 8, in <module> raise ValueError('Zero!') from division_error ValueError: Zero!
Начиная с Python 3.0, при возникновении нового исключения внутри блока except перехваченное исключение автоматически сохраняется в атрибуте __context__ создаваемого исключения. В результате при выводе будут показаны оба исключения:
(most recent call last): File "test.py", line 2, in <module> 1 / 0 ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last): File "test.py", line 4, in <module> raise ValueError('Zero!') ValueError: Zero!
Кроме того, вы можете явно указать причинное исключение, использовав конструкцию raise … from. Тогда в атрибут __cause__ нового исключения будет помещено исходное:
division_error = None
try: 1 / 0 except ZeroDivisionError as e: division_error = e
raise ValueError('Zero!') from division_error
(most recent call last): File "test.py", line 4, in <module> 1 / 0 ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last): File "test.py", line 8, in <module> raise ValueError('Zero!') from division_error ValueError: Zero!
In general, many financial experts support their clients’ desire to buy cryptocurrency, but they don’t recommend it unless clients express interest. “The biggest concern for us is if someone wants to invest in crypto and the investment they choose doesn’t do well, and then all of a sudden they can’t send their kids to college,” says Ian Harvey, a certified financial planner (CFP) in New York City. “Then it wasn’t worth the risk.” The speculative nature of cryptocurrency leads some planners to recommend it for clients’ “side” investments. “Some call it a Vegas account,” says Scott Hammel, a CFP in Dallas. “Let’s keep this away from our real long-term perspective, make sure it doesn’t become too large a portion of your portfolio.” In a very real sense, Bitcoin is like a single stock, and advisors wouldn’t recommend putting a sizable part of your portfolio into any one company. At most, planners suggest putting no more than 1% to 10% into Bitcoin if you’re passionate about it. “If it was one stock, you would never allocate any significant portion of your portfolio to it,” Hammel says.
Telegram auto-delete message, expiring invites, and more
elegram is updating its messaging app with options for auto-deleting messages, expiring invite links, and new unlimited groups, the company shared in a blog post. Much like Signal, Telegram received a burst of new users in the confusion over WhatsApp’s privacy policy and now the company is adopting features that were already part of its competitors’ apps, features which offer more security and privacy. Auto-deleting messages were already possible in Telegram’s encrypted Secret Chats, but this new update for iOS and Android adds the option to make messages disappear in any kind of chat. Auto-delete can be enabled inside of chats, and set to delete either 24 hours or seven days after messages are sent. Auto-delete won’t remove every message though; if a message was sent before the feature was turned on, it’ll stick around. Telegram’s competitors have had similar features: WhatsApp introduced a feature in 2020 and Signal has had disappearing messages since at least 2016.
